Direct Visualization of a 26 kDa Protein by Cryo-Electron Microscopy Aided by a Small Scaffold Protein

Biochemistry. 2021 Apr 13;60(14):1075-1079. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00961. Epub 2021 Mar 15.

Abstract

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM)-based structure determination of small proteins is hindered by the technical challenges associated with low signal-to-noise ratios of their particle images in intrinsically noisy micrographs. One solution is to attach the target protein to a large protein scaffold to increase its apparent size and, therefore, image contrast. Here we report a novel scaffold design based on a trimeric helical protein, E. coli ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), fused to human ubiquitin. As a proof of principle, we demonstrated the ability to resolve a cryo-EM map of a 26 kDa human ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCHL1) attached to the C-terminus of ubiquitin as part of the trimeric assembly. The results revealed conformational changes in UCHL1 upon binding to ubiquitin, namely, a significant displacement of α-helix 2, which was also observed by X-ray crystallography. Our findings demonstrated the potential of the trimeric OTC scaffold design for studying a large number of ubiquitin interacting proteins by cryo-EM.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Cryoelectron Microscopy*
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Escherichia coli / enzymology
  • Humans
  • Models, Molecular
  • Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase / chemistry*
  • Protein Multimerization
  • Protein Structure, Quaternary
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / chemistry

Substances

  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase