We analyzed the secretion of adrenal androgens in response to surgical stress in eight (8) postmenopausal women. ACTH, cortisol (F) and adrenal androgens, such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), delta 4-androstendione (delta 4-A), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and testosterone (T) were measured at 08:00 and 20:00 hr the day before and for three consecutive days after operation, as well as at 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 minutes during cholocystectomy. Basal levels of ACTH, F, DHEA, delta 4-A, DHEA-S and T were found within the normal range for this age group before surgery. During surgery the ACTH was significantly increased, reaching a peak value at 30 min after surgery initiation. F, DHEA and delta 4-A were significantly increased during and after surgery, returning to pre-surgery levels by the third day post-surgery. DHEA-S levels did not increase during surgery but was found significantly increased the day after surgery, returning to presurgical levels two days later. We conclude that surgical stress can induce adrenal androgen hypersecretion during and within the early days post-surgery. Because the adrenal androgens levels are declining and respond suboptimally to exogenous corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) or ACTH bolus injection in aging women, it is conceivable that this remarkable response of adrenal androgens to surgical stress is probably of biological significance and conceivably mediated by a CRH/ACTH-independent mechanism.