There is a myriad of disorders that can mimic ADHD. Often parents or teachers, through their own investigation, will determine the diagnosis for their child's school problems as ADHD, when in fact, the difficulties are unrelated to ADHD. A carefully taken history, observation, and interaction with the child are needed. An evaluation of the school situation will help to indicate if the child's primary problem is behavioral, academic, medical, psychiatric, social, or attentional. Psychologic and educational testing is necessary to completely delineate the child's problems and needs. The greatest service that a physician can give children with academic problems is to approach each child in a systematic, scientific, and professional manner to determine the best treatment for the child and to demonstrate the most favorable outcome.