Abstract
Until recently, protein kinase GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3), an essential component for cell-fate specification, had been considered a constitutively activated enzyme subject to developmentally regulated inhibition through hierarchical, linear signaling paths. Data from various systems now indicate more complex scenarios involving activating as well as inhibiting circuits, and the differential formation of multi-protein complexes that antagonistically affect GSK3 function.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / genetics
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Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / physiology*
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Cell Differentiation / physiology*
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Dictyostelium / cytology
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Drosophila / embryology
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Embryo, Nonmammalian / cytology
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Embryonic Development*
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
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Glycogen Synthase Kinases
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Humans
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Mutation
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Neoplasms / etiology
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Neoplasms / metabolism*
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beta Carotene / genetics
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beta Carotene / metabolism
Substances
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beta Carotene
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Glycogen Synthase Kinases
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Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3