Mice deficient in apolipoprotein-E (apoE) experience severe hypercholesterolemia, are prone to atherosclerosis, and recently have emerged as a powerful tool in the study of plaque formation. In this study, we developed magnetic resonance (MR) imaging methods to detect the progression of atherosclerosis noninvasively in a mouse model of arterial injury. Four 14-week-old apoE-deficient mice were imaged 5 weeks after beginning an atherogenic Western diet and 4 weeks after wire denudation injury of the left common carotid artery (LCCA). Information from several images was combined into high-information content images using methods previously developed. The image resolution was 47 x 47 x 750 microm(3). We acquired T1-, T2-, and proton density (PD)-weighted images (TR/TE 650/14, 2000/60, and 2000/14 msec, respectively). Each 8-bit image was placed in a separate color channel to produce a 24-bit color image (red = T1, green = PD, and blue = T2). The composite image created contrast between different tissue types that was superior to that of any single image and revealed significant luminal narrowing of the LCCA, but not the uninjured RCCA. MR images were compared with corresponding histopathology cross sections and luminal area measurements from each method correlated(r2= 0.61). Atherosclerotic luminal narrowing was successfully detected through MR imaging in a mouse model of arterial injury that is small, reproduces quickly, and lends itself to genetic analysis and manipulation.