Mitochondrial disorders represent an extremely challenging set of conditions, partly due to the complexities of the mitochondrial genetic system. Nurses must be prepared with knowledge about genetic conditions so that they can participate fully in early identification of affected individuals and assist them in accessing the most current genetic diagnostic and treatment therapeutics. This knowledge will be critical as nurses collect family history data, provide current and accurate genetic information and support to individuals and families, and refer to and collaborate with genetic specialists in their communities.