Objectives: A retrospective, subset analysis of the prospective Menopause Study Group data was performed to determine the effects of four conjugated estrogens (CE) + medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) regimens and one unopposed CE regimen on the lipid profiles of women with abnormal lipid levels (n = 525). Previously unpublished data on the entire study population were also reviewed to determine the effects of these hormone replacement regimens on blood pressure and weight (n = 1368, 1374, respectively).
Methods: During a 1-year, prospective trial, all patients took CE. Groups A and B also took continuous MPA 2.5 and 5 mg, respectively, C and D took MPA 5 and 10 mg for the last 14 cycle days of each 28-day cycle, and E took matching placebo tablets to replace MPA.
Results: After 1 year, all five regimens were directly associated with significant elevations in high density lipoprotein-2 (HDL2) cholesterol and significant reductions in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (p < 0.05), although unopposed estrogen produced the greatest increase in HDL2 cholesterol. The CE + MPA regimens were also associated with significant decreases in total cholesterol. Triglyceride levels did not change significantly from baseline in any treatment group (baseline values > 1.808 mmol/l (> 160 mg/dl)), although the CE + MPA regimens were associated with a mean triglyceride decrease and CE-only women (n = 8) had a mean triglyceride increase. No regimen produced significant weight or blood pressure changes.
Conclusions: This analysis suggests that hormone replacement therapy (CE + MPA), used in appropriate dosages, may alter the HDL2 cholesterol and LDL cholesterol lipoproteins in postmenopausal women with borderline lipid levels (a higher-risk population) in a cardioprotective manner.