Objectives: To investigate the association between periodontal disease parameters and coronary ischemic disease among 30-50-year-old Chileans.
Material and methods: Cases were 30-50-year-olds who were hospitalized in one of four Cardiologic Units in Santiago, Chile, for acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina or angina pectoris. Controls had undergone surgery due to gall bladder stones or abdominal hernia. Information on blood pressure, serum cholesterol, body weight and height, age, occupation, smoking, diabetes and use of antidepressants was obtained. A total of 86 persons participated based on informed consent, but the analysis is based on 61 persons, for whom a complete set of data was obtained. Cases and controls were given a clinical periodontal examination comprising assessment of number of teeth present, periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment level at six sites per tooth. The association between mean attachment level; mean pocket probing depth; number of teeth present and case status was analyzed by conditional logistic regression controlling for known risk factors for CHD.
Results: The mean attachment level was positively associated with case status (OR = 3.17; 95% CI = [1.31; 7.65]), as was the mean pocket depth (OR = 8.64; 95% CI = [1.22; 61.20]). The number of teeth present was not statistically significantly associated with case status (OR = 0.93; 95% CI = [0.83; 1.04]).
Conclusion: The results are in accordance with those of several previous reports. If the results reflect a causal link between periodontal diseases and CHD they emphasize the need for better control of periodontal diseases. If the associations are-non-causal, they still demonstrate that CHD and periodontal diseases cluster in the same sections of the population, which is important from a public health point of view.