Objectives: We explored the effect of timing of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) without persistent ST-segment elevation on the need for repeat revascularization, and we related this effect to other events.
Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention is widely used to treat ACS without persistent ST-segment elevation. Moreover, restenosis and subsequent revascularization after PCI are more frequent in ACS than in stable angina. The optimal timing of PCI in ACS without persistent ST-segment elevation is unknown.
Methods: In the Platelet glycoprotein IIB/IIIA in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy (PURSUIT) database, patients were stratified by the time of PCI. In the PURSUIT trial, 9,461 patients received a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, eptifibatide or placebo for 72 h. The investigators decided on other treatments.
Results: A total of 2,430 patients underwent PCI within 30 days. Repeat revascularization (during 165 days) was notably higher for PCI within 24 h of enrollment (n = 620 [19%]) than for PCI at 24 to 72 h (n = 624 [16.7%]), 3 to 7 days (n = 614 [13.2%]), or 8 to 30 days (n = 561 [7.7%]; p < 0.001), regardless of eptifibatide use. This gradual reduction in the revascularization rate for later PCI was also observed after multivariate analysis correcting for baseline characteristics and with time as a continuous variable.
Conclusions: Percutaneous coronary intervention within 24 is associated with improved outcome (other analysis) but more repeat revascularization. Prospective analyses are needed to test the hypothesis that rapid PCI in ACS with a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist reduces myocardial infarction (and possibly death) and is therefore most suited for patients at highest risk of infarction, despite a higher need for repeat revascularization.