Background: The diagnosis of primary intraocular lymphoma is difficult in many cases even with conventional cytological tests using vitreous samples. Recently new diagnostic tests, such as microdissection and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and measurement of cytokines using intraocular samples, have been applied to the diagnosis of the disease. We report here a case where we used the new diagnostic tests and the results aided us to make a diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma.
Case: A 68-year-old woman with an initial diagnosis of bilateral idiopathic uveitis with steroid-resistant vitreous opacities underwent a vitreous biopsy. The cytological examinations of the vitreous samples revealed class III. The microdissection and PCR using the vitreous samples detected IgH rearrangement gene in the third framework (FR3A), the complementary determining region 3 (CDR3) of the VH region and Bcl-2-associated translocation. The interleukin (IL)-10 to IL-6 ratio in the vitreous fluid was greater than 100. Because the results of the examinations strongly suggested intraocular lymphoma, the patient was treated with radiation and chemotherapy. One month after the therapy, however, the patient developed multiple metastatic lesions in the brain. The clinical course of the patient together with the new diagnostic results of examinations led to a diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma.
Conclusion: A combination of tests, such as conventional cytology, microdissection, and PCR, and cytokine assay using intraocular biopsy samples, is useful to make a diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma.