The aim of the study was to investigate cognitive impairment in major depression both acutely and after 6 months. All patients were investigated within a neurocognitive experimental setting at two testing sessions: at inclusion and after 6 months. Automatic and effortful information processing was investigated with a visual search paradigm. Twenty-one patients with recurrent major depression according to DSM-IV and a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score >18 were included in the study. Healthy subjects, matched for age and gender, were used as a control group. The results showed that the depressed patients performed equal to the control group on trials requiring automatic information processing at both sessions. However, the patients were impaired compared to the control group on trials requiring effortful information processing, also at both sessions. The depressed patients showed no improvement in cognitive performance from test 1 to test 2. The results indicate that the depressed patients had an impaired performance for effortful, but not automatic, visual search performance, and that the impairment remained after 6 months, despite significant improvement in their depression scores.