Pregnancy is characterized by an increase in food intake that, in turn, produce a positive energy balance in order to face the considerable metabolic demands associated with the challenge of reproduction. Since hypothalamus is a key brain region involved in many peripheral signals and neuronal pathways that control energy homeostasis and food intake, we investigated if during pregnancy the increase in food intake is mediated by stimulating orexigenic and/or inhibiting anorexigenic neural pathways. We examined hypothalamic gene expressions of Ob-Rb, NPY, AgRP, POMC, MC4-R, and preproorexins in pregnant Wistar rats at day 19 of gestation. Food intake and body weight were increased progressively during the pregnancy. Visceral fat mass depots and serum leptin levels were also increased when compared with virgin animals. No differences were found in mRNA expression of Ob-Rb, POMC, MC4-R, NPY or preproorexin between virgin and pregnant animals. However, pregnancy produced a selective increase in AgRP mRNA levels. These results indicate that the positive energy balance that occurred during pregnancy can hardly be explained by changes in Ob-Rb despite hyperleptinemia associated with pregnancy. The enhanced expression of AgRP suggests the involvement of this neuropeptide in mediating pregnancy-associated hyperphagia.