Epigallocatechin gallate protects nerve growth factor differentiated PC12 cells from oxidative-radical-stress-induced apoptosis through its effect on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3

Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2003 Oct 21;118(1-2):72-81. doi: 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2003.07.003.

Abstract

The effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) pathway during oxidative-stress-induced injury were studied using H2O2-treated PC12 cells, which were differentiated by nerve growth factor (NGF). Following 100 microM H2O2 exposure, the viability of differentiated PC12 cells (EGCG or z-VAD-fmk pretreated vs. not pretreated) was evaluated the number of viable cell with Trypan blue and 3,4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl (MTT). Additionally, expression of cytochrome c, caspase-3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), PI3K/Akt and GSK-3 was examined using Western blot analyses. EGCG or z-VAD-fmk-pretreated PC12 cells showed an increase of viability compared to untreated PC12 cells, and pretreatment of PC12 cells with either agent induced a dose-dependent inhibition of caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. However, inhibition of cytochrome c release was only detected in EGCG-pretreated cells. Upon examination of the PI3K/Akt and GSK-3 upstream pathway, Western blots of EGCG pretreated cells showed decreased immunoreactivity (IR) of Akt and GSK-3 and increased IR of p85a PI3K, phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated GSK-3. In contrast, no changes were seen in z-VAD-fmk-pretreated cells. These results show that EGCG affects the PI3K/Akt, GSK-3 pathway as well as downstream signaling, including the cytochrome c and caspase-3 pathways. Therefore, it is suggested that EGCG-mediated activation of PI3K/Akt and inhibition of GSK-3 could be a new potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative injury.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis / drug effects*
  • Apoptosis / physiology
  • Caspase 3
  • Caspase Inhibitors
  • Caspases / metabolism
  • Catechin / analogs & derivatives*
  • Catechin / pharmacology*
  • Cell Differentiation / drug effects
  • Cell Differentiation / physiology
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Cell Survival / physiology
  • Cytochromes c / metabolism
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / metabolism
  • Nerve Growth Factor / pharmacology
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases / drug therapy
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases / enzymology
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases / prevention & control*
  • Neuroprotective Agents / pharmacology*
  • Oxidative Stress / drug effects*
  • Oxidative Stress / physiology
  • PC12 Cells
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / drug effects
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
  • Phosphorylation / drug effects
  • Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases*
  • Proteins / metabolism
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins / drug effects
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins / metabolism
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
  • Rats

Substances

  • Caspase Inhibitors
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Neuroprotective Agents
  • Proteins
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins
  • Catechin
  • Cytochromes c
  • Nerve Growth Factor
  • Parp1 protein, rat
  • Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases
  • Akt1 protein, rat
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
  • Casp3 protein, rat
  • Caspase 3
  • Caspases
  • gallocatechol