Immune-based therapies, such as therapeutic vaccination, that might preserve, restore, enhance and induce new HIV-specific immunologic responses are currently being explored. HIV-specific immunotherapy with Remune (The Immune Response Corp.) offers the opportunity to boost immune responses against HIV-1. The clinical trial program in a wide range of subjects has established the efficacy of Remune in stimulating an appropriate immune response in HIV-positive individuals. Furthermore, a recent unblinded study conducted in Europe has documented a significant effect of Remune on viral load. Evidence regarding clinical end points is more difficult to collect. The same studies have revealed no serious safety issues in a total of more than 2000 Remune-treated patients. It is therefore reasonable to suggest that the risk-benefit ratio of Remune could be positive.