Micellar electrokinetic chromatographic screening method for common sexual assault drugs administered in beverages

Forensic Sci Int. 2004 Apr 20;141(1):7-15. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2003.12.009.

Abstract

Recently, much attention has been given to benzodiazepines and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) related compounds owing to their alleged widespread use as date-rape drugs. Toxicologists would greatly benefit from a screening method that allows for the simultaneous detection of both groups of substances. A new capillary electrophoresis (CE) method has been developed in the micellar mode to accomplish this separation in under 16 min using a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/sodium tetraborate/boric acid buffer with an acetonitrile organic modifier. Optimization of SDS and organic modifier concentration, along with pH, were performed on a set of standards containing eight benzodiazepines, GHB, gamma-butyrolactone, and the internal standard, sulfanilic acid. The method was shown to have a detection limit of less than 2 microg/ml for five out of eight benzodiazepines with a linear range of 2.5-100 microg/ml. The detection limit for GHB was 32 mg/ml with a linear range to 2500 microg/ml. This method was applied to the rapid analysis of spiked beverages. GHB spiked beverages were monitored after using a series of simple dilutions to determine the effects of time on the drug analysis. Possible interfering peaks from drugs of abuse and artifacts from a variety of different drink combinations were also studied in detail. A one-step liquid-liquid extraction was the only necessary sample pretreatment.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Benzodiazepines / chemistry*
  • Beverages / analysis*
  • Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary / methods*
  • Forensic Medicine / methods*
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Hydroxybutyrates / chemistry*
  • Molecular Structure
  • Sex Offenses*
  • Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
  • Surface-Active Agents

Substances

  • Hydroxybutyrates
  • Surface-Active Agents
  • Benzodiazepines
  • 4-hydroxybutyric acid
  • Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate