Chronic heart failure is a major cause for mortality and morbidity in western civilizations. Previous hypothesises regarding the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure did not sufficiently explain the aetiology and the progression of the disease. However, it has been shown that a group of peptides called cytokines are expressed during chronic heart failure and that cytokines might play an important role for the pathogenesis. The expression of cytokines can be modulated from specific ACE-inhibitors as well as from different beta-blockers and angiotensin type 1 antagonists. Numerous investigations have shown that cytokines depress left ventricular function and can be responsible for different characteristics of chronic heart failure. The present article resumes experimental and clinical investigations and recent pharmacologic attempts for the treatment of chronic heart failure. The previous results demonstrate the importance to further investigate anti-inflammatory approaches to treat chronic heart failure.