The purpose of this study was to investigate anxiety and depression as predictors for recurrence-free survival in cutaneous melanoma, when corrected for known prognostic factors. The association between known prognostic factors and anxiety and depression were also studied. Consecutive patients (n = 437) completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) approximately three months after diagnosis of melanoma. Neither anxiety, nor depression turned out to be prognostic factors for time to recurrence. A higher proportion of young patients, women, patients without ulcerated tumours, patients with tumours with low mitotic index and Clark's level II tumours scored > or = 8 (possible clinical levels of anxiety) on the anxiety scale. Furthermore, on the depression scale, a higher proportion of young patients scored > or = 8 (possible clinical level of depression). Using the HAD scale, a well-validated instrument for assessing anxiety and depression in patients with somatic diseases, our data did not show any associations between anxiety or depression and outcome in terms of recurrence in patients with localized disease.