Tkachenko waves in rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates

Phys Rev Lett. 2004 Apr 23;92(16):160405. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.160405. Epub 2004 Apr 20.

Abstract

We present a mean-field theory numerical study of Tkachenko waves of a vortex lattice in trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condenstates. Our results show remarkable qualitative and quantitative agreement with recent experiments at the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics. We extend our calculations beyond the conditions of the experiment, probing deeper into the incompressible regime where we find excellent agreement with analytical results. In addition, bulk excitations observed in the experiment are discussed.