Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate whether pelvic radiotherapy for rectal cancer had a negative impact on cobalamin status.
Methods and materials: Consecutive patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy (50 Gy) for rectal cancer were evaluated prospectively (n = 54). Serum cobalamin, holotranscobalamin (holoTC), methylmalonic acid (MMA), and total homocysteine (tHcy) were measured at start and end of radiotherapy, at follow-up 4-6 weeks and 1 year (n = 23) after radiotherapy.
Results: Mean serum cobalamin decreased from 306 pmol/L before treatment to 267 pmol/L at the end of radiotherapy (p < 0.001), 247 pmol/L 4-6 weeks after radiotherapy (p < 0.001), and 249 pmol/L 1 year after radiotherapy (p = 0.02). Mean serum MMA was 0.16 micromol/L pretreatment, 0.17 micromol/L at the end of radiotherapy (n.s.), and increased to 0.19 micromol/L after 4-6 weeks (p = 0.007), and to 0.21 micromol/L after 1 year (p < 0.001). There was no change in serum tHcy. Mean serum holoTC was reduced from 111 pmol/L pretreatment to 93 pmol/L 4-6 weeks after radiotherapy (p = 0.002).
Conclusions: The data suggest rapid and persistent decrease in cobalamin status after radiotherapy for rectal cancer, as reflected by reduced serum cobalamin combined with increased serum MMA. This observation, though modest, may motivate routine monitoring of cobalamin status at follow-up after radiotherapy.