Experimental studies on allogeneic transplantation have shown that recipient dendritic cells (DC) play a role in peripheral tolerance as well as in rejection of allografts. It is not known whether DCs exert their tolerogenic function in the graft or in recipient lymphoid tissue. To answer this question we created a chimeric heart model deprived of its own DCs and repopulated with recipient DCs. The rationale for this model was to observe whether recipient mature and immature DCs located in the graft attenuate recruitment and stimulation of recipient lymphocytes, subsequently prolonging graft survival. Vascularized bone marrow transplants from the prospective recipient to the lethally irradiated heart donor, which function for a period of 14 days, were used to replace donor DCs with prospective recipient either mature or immature DCs. Replacement of the donor heart with either of these cells did not prolong graft survival. The intragraft microchimerism did not mitigate the allogeneic rejection reaction.