Avidity of anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I antibodies

Autoimmun Rev. 2005 Jun;4(5):303-8. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2005.01.001. Epub 2005 Feb 9.

Abstract

The terms affinity and avidity are often used indiscriminately, despite clearly differing. Since affinity refers to monovalent binding of antibodies to a monovalent epitope, the majority of data on the binding of anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies (anti-beta2-GPI) characterized their avidity rather than affinity. Anti-beta2-GPI were generally believed to be of low avidity, but heterogeneous avidity of patients' IgG anti-beta2-GPI has been demonstrated. High avidity anti-beta2-GPI monoclonals were reported to possess higher pathogenicity than low avidity anti-beta2-GPI. Polyclonal high avidity anti-beta2-GPI were found to be more common in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and associated with thrombosis. Some conformational changes of beta2-GPI are required for the binding of polyclonal anti-beta2-GPI to the antigen: neither high density of the antigen nor high avidity of the anti-beta2-GPI alone is sufficient for the recognition. Avidity of anti-beta2-GPI should be considered in any attempt of inter-laboratory standardisation and/or evaluation of anti-beta2-GPI enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibody Affinity* / genetics
  • Autoantibodies / chemistry*
  • Autoantibodies / metabolism*
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / standards
  • Glycoproteins / genetics
  • Glycoproteins / immunology*
  • Humans
  • beta 2-Glycoprotein I

Substances

  • Autoantibodies
  • Glycoproteins
  • beta 2-Glycoprotein I