Electrochemical determination of nitrate with nitrate reductase-immobilized electrodes under ambient air

Anal Chem. 2005 Jul 15;77(14):4467-73. doi: 10.1021/ac050198b.

Abstract

Nitrate monitoring biosensors were prepared by immobilizing nitrate reductase derived from yeast on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE, d = 3 mm) or screen-printed carbon paste electrode (SPCE, d = 3 mm) using a polymer (poly(vinyl alcohol)) entrapment method. The sensor could directly determine the nitrate in an unpurged aqueous solution with the aid of an appropriate oxygen scavenger: the nitrate reduction reaction driven by the enzyme and an electron-transfer mediator, methyl viologen, at -0.85 V (GCE vs Ag/AgCl) or at -0.90 V (SPCE vs Ag/AgCl) exhibited no oxygen interference in a sulfite-added solution. The electroanalytical properties of optimized biosensors were measured: the sensitivity, linear response range, and detection limit of the sensors based on GCE were 7.3 nA/microM, 15-300 microM (r2 = 0.995), and 4.1 microM (S/N = 3), respectively, and those of SPCE were 5.5 nA/microM, 15-250 microM (r2 = 0.996), and 5.5 microM (S/N = 3), respectively. The disposable SPCE-based biosensor with a built-in well- or capillary-type sample cell provided high sensor-to-sensor reproducibility (RSD < 3.4% below 250 microM) and could be used more than one month in normal room-temperature storage condition. The utility of the proposed sensor system was demonstrated by determining nitrate in real samples.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Air
  • Biosensing Techniques
  • Electrochemistry / methods*
  • Enzymes, Immobilized / chemistry
  • Enzymes, Immobilized / metabolism*
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Nitrate Reductase / chemistry
  • Nitrate Reductase / metabolism*
  • Nitrates / chemistry*
  • Nitrates / metabolism*
  • Rivers / chemistry
  • Water / chemistry
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / chemistry

Substances

  • Enzymes, Immobilized
  • Nitrates
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • Water
  • Nitrate Reductase