Aqueous mixtures of the anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant and thermo-responsive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) chains grafted with omega-methoxy poly(ethylene oxide) undecyl alpha-methacrylate (PVCL-g-C11EO42) have been characterized using turbidimetry and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Turbidity measurements show that the addition of SDS to a dilute aqueous copolymer solution (1.0 wt %) induces an increase of the cloud point (CP) value and a decrease of the turbidity at high temperatures. In parallel, SANS results show a decrease of both the average distance between chains and the global size of the objects in solution at high temperatures as the SDS concentration is increased. Combination of these findings reveals that the presence of SDS in the PVCL-g-C11EO42 solutions (1.0 wt %) promotes the formation of smaller aggregates and, consequently, leads to a more homogeneous distribution of the chains in solution upon heating of the mixtures. Moreover, the SANS data results show that the internal structure of the formed aggregates becomes more swollen as the SDS concentration increases. On the other hand, the addition of moderate amounts of SDS (up to 4 mm) to a semidilute copolymer solution (5.0 wt %) gives rise to a more pronounced aggregation as the temperature rises; turbidity and SANS studies reveal in this case a decrease of the CP value and an increase of the scattered intensity at low q. The overall picture that emerges from this study is that the degree of aggregation can be accurately tuned by varying parameters such as the temperature, level of surfactant addition, and polymer concentration.