Objective: Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, may play a role in giant cell arteritis (GCA), the most common type of systemic vasculitis in the elderly in Western countries. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important proangiogenic mediators. We wanted to assess the potential role of -1154 G-->A (rs1570360) and -634 G-->C (rs2010963) VEGF gene functional variants in GCA susceptibility and clinical ischemic complications.
Methods: One hundred and three patients with biopsy-proven GCA and 226 ethnically matched controls from the Lugo region (Northwest Spain) were genotyped for the VEGF -1154 G-->A and -634 G-->C polymorphisms using a real time polymerase chain reaction technology based on TaqMan 5' allelic discrimination assay.
Results: No significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies for the 2 VEGF polymorphisms were observed between patients and controls. However, the VEGF -634 G allele was significantly more frequent among GCA patients with severe ischemic complications compared with GCA patients not affected by ischemic events (p = 0.017, odds ratio, OR: 2.05; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.13-3.71; pc = 0.034) or with controls (p = 0.021, OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.08-2.88; pc = 0.042). In this regard, the carriage rate of the risk allele G showed statistically significant skewing comparing GCA patients with severe ischemic events with the remaining GCA patients (GG + GC vs CC: p = 0.009, OR: 5.26; 95% CI: 1.39-19.98; pc= 0.018).
Conclusion: Our results suggest a potential implication of the VEGF gene -634 G-->C polymorphism in the development of severe ischemic manifestations of GCA.