With modern anesthesia and better postoperative care, the mortality and morbidity of radical surgery have been markedly reduced during the last decades. With the maximum quantity of life achieved from radical surgery, increasing emphasis is now being placed on the quality of life. A better understanding of tumor biology and the consideration of different clinicopathologic factors that bear prognostic significance in therapeutic modalities will allow individualization of treatment. This will lead to less surgical morbidity and less functional and psychosexual impairments without sacrificing benefits of survival.