Patients who visit the emergency department often have complaints of joint and limb pain. The differential diagnosis, clinical presentation, and treatment choices can be vastly different in the young- or middle-aged population compared with the elderly population, and the concerns of each group must be addressed. The emergency physician is in a unique position in that they are frequently the first to see these individuals and have the opportunity to intervene before permanent disability ensues. Some of the more common etiologies of atraumatic joint and limb pain, including crystal deposition diseases such as gout and pseudogout, osteoarthritis, septic arthritis, and inflammatory arthritides such as rheumatoid arthritis will be addressed in this article. In addition,several arthritides specific to the elderly population such as poly-myalgia rheumatica and associated giant cell arteritis will be covered. Finally a discussion of cervical and lumbar disc disease, as well as gait disorders, and their impact on the elderly, will be presented.