Vaginoscopic hysteroscopy permits to avoid several painful gestures of classical office hysteroscopy. The aim of this article is to describe the advantages such vaginoscopic approach. Six studies were thus selected, dealing with vaginoscopic hysteroscopy. The diameter of the hysteroscope, always a rigid one, was between 3.5 and 5 mm, and CO(2) or saline infusions were indifferently used. Failure rate is inferior to 5%. One study, comparing pain induced by vaginoscopic versus classical hysteroscopy, concluded that vaginoscopic approach was less painful.