Hair plate afferents from coxal group 1 on the meso- and prothoracic legs of the locust were backfilled with cobalt salts or HRP for light and electron microscopy. The distribution of the terminal branches of the afferents is described from wholemount preparations and from 150 microns thick slices through the ganglion. Identified branches from the slices were sectioned for electron microscopy and examined for the presence of input and output synapses. Both were found in close proximity on small-diameter varicose branches in all parts of the arborization. Immunocytochemistry using antibodies against GABA and glutamate was used to try to identify putative transmitters in processes presynaptic to the afferents. Ninety-three percent of processes presynaptic to the hair plate afferents were clearly immunoreactive for GABA and only 7% appeared unlabelled. Most neuronal processes in the vicinity of afferent terminals were also immunoreactive for GABA, but a small number of glutamate-immunoreactive processes were found in intimate contact with afferents and one of these was demonstrated to be presynaptic. Processes postsynaptic to the afferents were of small diameter (mean = 0.28 micron) and were not found to be immunoreactive for GABA.