In a field experiment, five fertilizer treatments including chemical fertilizer (CF), rapeseed cake + chemical fertilizer (RC + CF), wheat straw + chemical fertilizer (WS + CF), cow manure + chemical fertilizer (CM + CF), and pig manure + chemical fertilizer (PM + CF), were dedicated to examine the effect of organic materials incorporation in the rice season on N2O emissions from the following winter wheat season and to assess the climatic impacts from CH4 and N2O emissions in a rice-wheat rotation. Organic material was incorporated at the same rate (225 g x m(-2)) for organic treatments at the depth of 10 cm in the soil as the basal fertilizer just before rice transplanting. An identical synthetic nitrogen fertilizer was adopted for all treatments. Results show that the seasonal amount of N20 emissions from the following wheat season differed with organic material applied in rice season. No pronounced difference in N20 emissions was found between the CF and RC + CF treatments. In contrast with the CF treatment, however, N2O emission was decreased by 15% for the WS + CF treatment, but increased by 29% and 16% for the CM + CF and PM + CF treatments, respectively. Over the entire annual rotation cycle, N2O amount was increased by 17% for the CM + CF treatment, 7% for the PM + CF treatment, and 6% for the RC + CF treatment, but decreased by 16% for the WS + CF treatment in comparison with the CF treatment. Based on total emissions of CH4 in rice season and N2O over the entire rotation cycle, the estimation of combined Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) for CH4 and N20 shows that over a 20 years horizon or a 500 years horizon, the value of annual total GWPs was ranked in the order of RC + CF > WS + CF > CM + CF > PM + CF > CF or RC + CF > CM + CF > PM + CF > WS + CF > CF. The highest, middle and the lowest value of the GWPs per unit crop grain yield occurred for the crop residue, farmyard manure and pure synthetic fertilizer treatments, respectively. Compared to the chemical fertilizer treatment, accordingly, organic material combined with chemical fertilizer application in rice season increased climatic impacts from CH4 and N20 emissions in a rice-winter wheat rotation system.