Role for the PP2A/B56delta phosphatase in regulating 14-3-3 release from Cdc25 to control mitosis

Cell. 2006 Nov 17;127(4):759-73. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.10.035.

Abstract

DNA-responsive checkpoints prevent cell-cycle progression following DNA damage or replication inhibition. The mitotic activator Cdc25 is suppressed by checkpoints through inhibitory phosphorylation at Ser287 (Xenopus numbering) and docking of 14-3-3. Ser287 phosphorylation is a major locus of G2/M checkpoint control, although several checkpoint-independent kinases can phosphorylate this site. We reported previously that mitotic entry requires 14-3-3 removal and Ser287 dephosphorylation. We show here that DNA-responsive checkpoints also activate PP2A/B56delta phosphatase complexes to dephosphorylate Cdc25 at a site distinct from Ser287 (T138), the phosphorylation of which is required for 14-3-3 release. However, phosphorylation of T138 is not sufficient for 14-3-3 release from Cdc25. Our data suggest that creation of a 14-3-3 "sink," consisting of phosphorylated 14-3-3 binding intermediate filament proteins, including keratins, coupled with reduced Cdc25-14-3-3 affinity, contribute to Cdc25 activation. These observations identify PP2A/B56delta as a central checkpoint effector and suggest a mechanism for controlling 14-3-3 interactions to promote mitosis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • 14-3-3 Proteins / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Checkpoint Kinase 1
  • DNA Replication
  • Enzyme Activation
  • HCT116 Cells
  • HeLa Cells
  • Holoenzymes / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Intermediate Filaments / metabolism
  • Interphase
  • Keratins / metabolism
  • Mitosis*
  • Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / metabolism*
  • Phosphorylation
  • Phosphothreonine / metabolism
  • Protein Kinases / metabolism
  • Protein Phosphatase 2
  • Protein Subunits / metabolism
  • Xenopus / metabolism*
  • Xenopus Proteins / metabolism*
  • cdc25 Phosphatases / metabolism*

Substances

  • 14-3-3 Proteins
  • Holoenzymes
  • Protein Subunits
  • Xenopus Proteins
  • Phosphothreonine
  • Keratins
  • Protein Kinases
  • Checkpoint Kinase 1
  • B56delta phosphatase, Xenopus
  • Phosphoprotein Phosphatases
  • Protein Phosphatase 2
  • cdc25 Phosphatases