In organ transplant recipients there remains controversy whether cutaneous cryptococcal infection represents a primary infection or a manifestation of disseminated cryptococcosis. We describe a lung transplant patient who developed primary cryptococcal cellulitis in the immediate post-operative period. At presentation, disseminated disease was excluded. The patient was treated with liposomal amphotericin B and fluconazole and, in addition, a surgical debridement was performed. Shortly afterwards, computed tomography revealed dissemination to the brain. The patient died of cerebral edema. As there was no involvement of the central nervous system at presentation, we believe that cryptococcal cellulitis was the primary site of infection and origin of dissemination. In this study we review cryptococcosis, which should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of cellulitis in transplant recipients.