Despite the availability of antibiotics and the care offered by intensive-care units, invasive pneumococcal disease still causes serious illness with high morbidity and mortality. Currently, two vaccines are available in the Netherlands that offer protection against invasive pneumococcal disease: a 7-valent conjugated vaccine and a 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine. Case reports and pharmaceutical use as registered by the Foundation for Pharmaceutical Statistics (SFK) show that general practitioners and pharmacists are not always aware of the appropriate use of both vaccines. For vaccination against pneumococci in children aged 0-5 years, general practitioners should prescribe only the conjugated vaccine. The non-conjugated polysaccharide vaccine is intended especially for the elderly and specific groups at risk. Pharmacists should verify that the pneumococcal vaccines they hand out on prescription are recommended for the age-group of the individuals to whom the vaccine will be administered.