Liver-targeted prodrugs of 2'-C-methyladenosine for therapy of hepatitis C virus infection

J Med Chem. 2007 Aug 9;50(16):3891-6. doi: 10.1021/jm0701021. Epub 2007 Jul 18.

Abstract

2'-C-Methyladenosine exhibits impressive inhibitory activity in the cell-based hepatitis C virus (HCV) subgenomic replicon assay, by virtue of intracellular conversion to the corresponding nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) and inhibition of NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). However, rapid degradation by adenosine deaminase (ADA) limits its overall therapeutic potential. To reduce ADA-mediated deamination, we prepared cyclic 1-aryl-1,3-propanyl prodrugs of the corresponding nucleoside monophosphate (NMP), anticipating cytochrome P450 3A-mediated oxidative cleavage to the NMP in hepatocytes. Lead compounds identified in a primary rat hepatocyte screen were shown to result in liver levels of NTP predictive of efficacy after intravenous dosing to rats. The oral bioavailability of the initial lead was below 5%; therefore, additional analogues were synthesized and screened for liver NTP levels after oral administration to rats. Addition of a 2',3'-carbonate prodrug moiety proved to be a successful strategy, and the 1-(4-pyridyl)-1,3-propanyl prodrug containing a 2',3'-carbonate moiety displayed oral bioavailability of 39%.

MeSH terms

  • Adenosine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Adenosine / chemical synthesis
  • Adenosine / pharmacokinetics
  • Adenosine / pharmacology
  • Administration, Oral
  • Animals
  • Antiviral Agents / chemical synthesis*
  • Antiviral Agents / pharmacokinetics
  • Antiviral Agents / pharmacology
  • Biological Availability
  • Hepatitis C / drug therapy*
  • Hepatocytes / metabolism
  • Injections, Intravenous
  • Liver / drug effects*
  • Liver / metabolism
  • Organophosphates / chemical synthesis
  • Organophosphates / pharmacokinetics
  • Organophosphates / pharmacology
  • Organophosphorus Compounds / chemical synthesis*
  • Organophosphorus Compounds / pharmacokinetics
  • Organophosphorus Compounds / pharmacology
  • Phosphorylation
  • Prodrugs / chemical synthesis*
  • Prodrugs / chemistry
  • Prodrugs / pharmacology
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • Organophosphates
  • Organophosphorus Compounds
  • Prodrugs
  • 2'-O-methyladenosine
  • Adenosine