Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, debilitating and costly disease associated with severe complications, and has been recognised as such by the United Nations (UN). But despite being a leading cause of death and serious disability worldwide, the public often perceive T2DM as a relatively mild condition. Furthermore, many people do not know that T2DM is preventable and that steps can be taken to minimise the risk of developing the disease. Improved public awareness of T2DM and its link with obesity and physical inactivity is critical, not only to prevention but also management of diabetes. Recognising this need, the UN has issued a resolution calling on member states to observe World Diabetes Day and implement education and mass media initiatives to raise public awareness of diabetes and its complications. This article reviews selected local, national and international public awareness campaigns to illustrate the range of initiatives that together can work towards the goals of the UN Resolution. By building understanding of diabetes, changing beliefs and attitudes and promoting positive behaviours, such initiatives can help combat the global diabetes epidemic and improve the health and wellbeing of people.