Traditional models for predicting the thermal inactivation rate of bacteria are state dependent, considering only the current state of the product. In this study, the potential for previous sublethal thermal history to increase the thermotolerance of Salmonella in ground turkey was determined, a path-dependent model for thermal inactivation was developed, and the path-dependent predictions were tested against independent data. Weibull-Arrhenius parameters for Salmonella inactivation in ground turkey thigh were determined via isothermal tests at 55, 58, 61, and 63 degrees C. Two sets of nonisothermal heating tests also were conducted. The first included five linear heating rates (0.4, 0.9, 1.7, 3.5, and 7.0 K/min) and three holding temperatures (55, 58, and 61 degrees C); the second also included sublethal holding periods at 40, 45, and 50 degrees C. When the standard Weibull-Arrhenius model was applied to the nonisothermal validation data sets, the root mean squared error of prediction was 2.5 log CFU/g, with fail-dangerous residuals as large as 4.7 log CFU/g when applied to the complete nonisothermal data set. However, by using a modified path-dependent model for inactivation, the prediction errors for independent data were reduced by 56%. Under actual thermal processing conditions, use of the path-dependant model would reduce error in thermal lethality predictions for slowly cooked products.