To clarify the response of leptomeningeal cells to immune stimulation, the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on expression of IL-6 receptors in the cultured leptomeningeal cells was investigated. The results showed that the expression of IL-6R alpha was invisible in the purified leptomeningeal cells while it was seen in the cells when they were co-cultured with astrocytes. On the other hand, GP130 was moderately expressed in both conditions. Following incubation with different doses of LPS, IL-6R alpha expression in purified leptomeningeal cells was increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner, while GP130 level remained unchanged. Concomitantly, phosphorylated ERK1/2 level was increased following LPS stimulation and its inhibition by PD98059 attenuated the LPS-induced increase of IL-6R alpha expression. These data indicate that leptomeningeal cells can respond to immunogenic stimuli as manifested by expression of cytokine receptors. Moreover, ERK1/2 pathway seems to be involved in the process of LPS-induced IL-6R alpha up-regulation in leptomeningeal cells.