Laboratory diagnostics has undergone relevant changes in organization and complexity, providing new opportunities and risks. The skill and expertise required for laboratory professionals to fulfil the need of a continuously evolving scenario in diagnostics embrace now a variety of scientific, managerial and organizational issues. Translating into clinical practice new insights from basic science, particularly regarding omics, requires construction of a new and complex core curriculum for laboratory professionals. In addition, the integration of different areas of diagnostics within the same laboratory service is expected to improve efficiency and effectiveness.