This article provides a brief introduction to the history and applications of the class of data analytic techniques collectively known as Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Using an example based on psychological factors thought to affect the likelihood of stuttering, we discuss the issues of specification, identification, and model fit and modification in SEM. We also address points relating to model specification strategies, item parceling, advanced modeling, and suggestions for reporting SEM analyses. It is noted that SEM techniques can contribute to the elucidation of the developmental pathways that lead to stuttering.