Rational thought, control of bodily movement and interpretation of external stimuli comprise but a short list of activities controlled by the nervous system. Disease or injury can adversely affect this system, which in turn negatively affects the entire body. Given the critical importance of the nervous system, prehospital providers must be adept in assessing and treating emergencies involving this vital system. After a brief review of related anatomy and physiology, consider the cases that follow, which illustrate scenarios that call for a thorough and comprehensive neurological exam.