Prognostic parameters, complications, and oncologic and functional outcome of salvage radical prostatectomy for locally recurrent prostate cancer after 21st-century radiotherapy

Abstract

Background: Salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP) for radiorecurrent prostate cancer (PCa) is a second local treatment with curative intent in patients with true organ-confined recurrent PCa.

Objective: We evaluated preoperative prognostic risk factors to predict organ-confined, locally recurrent PCa after primary radiotherapy (RT).

Design, setting, and participants: Fifty-five men with biopsy-proven, locally recurrent PCa underwent SRP and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) after external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or low- or high-dose brachytherapy.

Measurements: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), clinical stage, biopsy Gleason score prior to RT and SRP, PSA nadir, time to recurrence, PSA doubling time (PSA DT), PSA prior to surgery, and pathohistology of the SRP specimen were analysed to predict organ-confined recurrent disease. Uni- and multivariate statistical analysis was performed.

Results and limitations: Forty (72.7%) and 15 (27.3%) patients demonstrated organ-confined and locally advanced PCa, respectively. Eleven patients (20%) and seven patients (12.7%) had lymph node metastases and positive surgical margins (PSM), respectively. On multivariate analysis, biopsy Gleason score prior to SRP (p=0.02), <50% positive biopsy cores (p=0.001), PSA DT >12 mo (p=0.001), and low-dose brachytherapy (p=0.001) were significant predictors of organ-confined PCa with negative surgical margins (NSM). Limitations of the study are its retrospective nature and the relatively low number of patients.

Conclusions: SRP is a surgically challenging but effective secondary local treatment of radiorecurrent PCa with curative intent. The identified predictive parameters will help to select patients most suitable for SRP with long-term cure and good functional outcome.