Identification of a broad coverage HLA-DR degenerate epitope pool derived from carcinoembryonic antigen

Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2010 Jan;59(1):161-71. doi: 10.1007/s00262-009-0738-z. Epub 2009 Jul 21.

Abstract

CD4 T cells are important for anti-tumor immune responses. Aside from their role in the activation of CD8 T cells, CD4 T cells also mediate anti-tumor immune responses by recruiting innate immune effectors into the tumor microenvironment. Thus, the search for strategies to boost CD4 T cell immunity is an active area of research. Our goal in this study was to identify HLA-DR epitopes of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a commonly over-expressed tumor antigen. HLA-DR epitopes of CEA were identified using the epitope prediction program, PIC (predicted IC(50)) and tested using in vitro HLA-DR binding assays. Following CEA epitope confirmation, IFN-gamma ELIspot assays were used to detect existing immunity against the HLA-DR epitope panel of CEA in breast and ovarian cancer patients. In vitro generated peptide-specific CD4 T cells were used to determine whether the epitopes are naturally processed from CEA protein. Forty-three epitopes of CEA were predicted, 15 of which had high binding affinity for 8 or more common HLA-DR molecules. A degenerate pool of four, HLA-DR restricted 15 amino acid epitopes (CEA.24, CEA.176/354, CEA.488, and CEA.653) consisting of two novel epitopes (CEA.24 and CEA.488) was identified against which 40% of breast and ovarian cancer patients had pre-existent T cell immunity. All four epitopes are naturally processed by antigen-presenting cells. Hardy-Weinberg analysis showed that the pool is useful in approximately 94% of patients. Patients with breast or ovarian cancer demonstrate pre-existent immune responses to the tumor antigen CEA. The degenerate pool of CEA peptides may be useful for augmenting CD4 T cell immunity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Breast Neoplasms / immunology
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • Carcinoembryonic Antigen / immunology*
  • Epitopes
  • Female
  • HLA-DR Antigens / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Ovarian Neoplasms / immunology
  • Software

Substances

  • Carcinoembryonic Antigen
  • Epitopes
  • HLA-DR Antigens