Purpose of review: To discuss current literature regarding the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of macroglossia in pediatric patients.
Recent findings: Genetic reasons for macroglossia are being identified. Sleep endoscopy and imaging allow assessment of tongue base-induced obstructive sleep apnea. Dental malocclusion and macroglossia are associated. Technical modifications to increase macroglossia surgery safety and efficacy have been described. An anatomic and functional basis for tongue reduction surgery is being developed.
Summary: Macroglossia, when present, can cause a number of functional and aesthetic problems for affected individuals. Treatment of this unusual problem is challenging and controversial.