A missing composite covariate in survival analysis: a case study of the Chinese Longitudinal Health and Longevity Survey

Stat Med. 2010 Jan 30;29(2):248-61. doi: 10.1002/sim.3773.

Abstract

We estimate a Cox proportional hazards model where one of the covariates measures the level of a subject's cognitive functioning by grading the total score obtained by the subject on the items of a questionnaire. A case study is presented where the sample includes partial respondents, who did not answer some questionnaire items. The total score takes, hence, the form of an interval-censored variable and, as a result, the level of cognitive functioning is missing on some subjects. We handle the partial respondents by taking a likelihood-based approach where survival time is jointly modelled with the censored total score and the size of the censoring interval. Estimates are obtained by an E-M-type algorithm that reduces to the iterative maximization of three complete log-likelihood functions derived from two augmented data sets with case weights, alternated with weights updating. This methodology is exploited to assess the Mini-Mental State Examination index as a prognostic factor of survival in a sample of Chinese older adults.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Algorithms
  • China
  • Cognition Disorders / diagnosis
  • Epidemiologic Research Design
  • Female
  • Health Surveys*
  • Humans
  • Likelihood Functions
  • Linear Models
  • Logistic Models
  • Longevity*
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Mental Health / statistics & numerical data*
  • Mental Status Schedule
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Risk
  • Sex Factors
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Survival Analysis*