The adoption of laparoscopic proctectomy for rectal cancer has been relatively slow, primarily because of the technical difficulty of the procedure. The wide surgeon-to-surgeon variability in disease-free survival and local pelvic recurrence noted after open proctectomy is probably due to differences in surgical technique, and these differences are likely to be magnified when the additional challenge of laparoscopy is added to the procedure. At present, oncologic and functional outcomes data are limited. Although the adoption of laparoscopic techniques to perform curative proctectomy is likely to expand as technical challenges are overcome and experience and training improve, the results of prospective multicenter trials are necessary to ensure that the procedures provide an oncologic and functional outcome equivalent to that of conventional surgery.
Keywords: Laparoscopy; proctectomy; randomized trials; rectal cancer.