Background: CPVT (catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia) is a condition characterized by syncopes and cardiac arrest that was first described in 1975. CPVT has later been classified as a genetic disease with a great risk for life-threatening arrhythmias that are mainly caused by mutations in the ryanodine receptor 2 gene. Starting with a case report, we present an overview of CPVT.
Material and methods: The literature reviewed was identified through a non-systematic search in PubMed.
Results: Diagnosing CPVT may be difficult, as resting ECG is normal and the syncopes may be misdiagnosed as epilepsy. Information about syncopes related to physical or emotional stress and occurrence of unexplained syncopes or cardiac arrest among family members, is important in the diagnostic evaluation. An exercise stress test often reveals the classical pattern of ventricular arrhythmias at heart rates above 100 beats/min. The diagnosis can be confirmed by genetic testing. By beta-blocker treatment and, if necessary, an ICD (implantable cardioverter defibrillator) the prognosis can be improved.
Interpretation: CPVT is a serious disease with a poor prognosis when left untreated. It is a rare but important differential diagnosis in young individuals with syncopes or cardiac arrest. Genetic screening of relatives has made it possible to identify mutation carriers in affected families in order to provide them with preventive therapy.