Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), a member of the LY-6/Thy-1 family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface proteins, is considered to be involved in the cell-proliferation inhibition and/or cell-death induction activity. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2976392 and rs2294008) in the PSCA gene were recently identified as the susceptibility loci of gastric cancer, especially in diffuse type. Therefore, this study was to investigate whether these 2 SNPs were associated with the risk of gastric cancer in Chinese population. We genotyped rs2976392 and rs2294008 in PSCA in a case-control study including 1,053 incident gastric cancer patients and 1,100 cancer-free controls in a high-risk Chinese population. We found that variant genotypes of rs2976392 (GA/AA) were associated with a significantly 37% increased risk of gastric cancer (adjusted OR =1.37, 95% CI = 1.15-1.62), compared with variant homozygote GG, and the associations were all consistently significant in both intestinal and diffuse subtypes, and among different subgroups stratified by age, sex, drinking or smoking status. Interestingly, a significant multiplicative interaction between rs2976392 (GA/AA) and alcohol drinking was detected on the development of intestinal-type gastric cancer (p = 0.009). However, rs2294008 variant genotypes (CT/TT) were associated with a nonsignificant increased risk of gastric cancer (adjusted OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.96-1.36). A small meta-analysis including 5 case-control studies showed undoubtedly associations between PSCA rs2294008 and rs2976392 and gastric cancer risk (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.29-2.60 and OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.33-2.56, respectively). These findings provide further evidence supporting that the genetic variants of PSCA gene may contribute to the gastric carcinogenesis.