Although technologies for lipidomic and proteomic investigations have developed very recently, lipidomic and proteomic studies of plasma lipoproteins have already provided several impressive examples of detailed characterization of distinct metabolic pathways potentially involved in lipoprotein metabolism in both health and disease states (obesity, insulin resistance, fatty liver disease) as well as under lifestyle and dietary modification (fish consumption, carbohydrates, probiotics) and lipid-modifying treatments (statins, low-density lipoprotein apheresis). Available lipidomic methodologies have facilitated detailed characterization of lipid classes and molecular species present in plasma as well as in lipoprotein fractions. Together with emerging proteomic techniques, lipidomics of plasma lipoproteins will soon provide molecular details of lipoprotein composition, which will ultimately be translated into integrated knowledge of the structure, metabolism, and function of lipoproteins in health and disease.