PSA was first identified in the 1960s. Some controversy exist as to who should be credited with its discovery as different groups, simultaneously, isolated the same protein but gave it a different name. PSA was firstly approved by FDA in 1986 as a test to aid the management of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. In 1994, it was approved by the FDA as a diagnostic tool and up to date its beneficial role as a screening test is largely unknown. The results of the PLCO and ERSPC trials are awaited. Increasing interest is also emerging on the use of PSA as a tool in the management of BPH. Recently some embryonic data on the use of other novel markers such as EPCA and prostasomes is emerging and the data on PCA3 as a diagnostic tool for prostate cancer is maturing.