Aim: Evaluation of high resolution linear ultrasound and intra-operative linear contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and its benefit for the detection and characterization of tumor lesions.
Material and methods: Twenty patients were investigated preoperatively regarding tumor detection using CT (n = 8) or MRI (n = 12) and image fusion (VNav) (n = 3). All patients had surgery for their hepatic tumor (hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC), metastasis, and adenoma). Ultrasound was performed intra-operatively first with B-scan using a convex probe. Than multifrequency linear transmitters (6-9 MHz, 6-15 MHz, LOGIQ E9, GE) were applied for B-scan, coulor coded Doppler sonography (CCDS) and Power Doppler followed by dynamic CEUS with Contrast Harmonic Imaging (CHI) after bolus injection of a maximum of 15 mL SonoVue®.
Results: In 9 cases with the use of intra-operative CEUS additional tumor lesions (diameter 4-15 mm) could be detected and were histologically confirmed after surgical resection (7 cases) or intra-operative biopsy (2 cases). Using intraoperative CEUS 64 tumor lesions could be detected compared to 51 tumor lesions detected by preoperative CT or MRI (p < 0.05). Using the 6-15 MHz multifrequency linear transducer with CHI, arterial perfusion of adenomas, neuroendocrine metastases and HCC lesions was detectable. In 3 cases a resection was not achievable. Two of these cases were treated with radio frequency ablation (RFA). The other case had no curable option due to multifocal tumor manifestation.
Conclusion: The intra-operative use of high-resolution linear transducer techniques with CEUS offers new diagnostic perspectives for an effective liver surgery.