Serotonin (5HT) synthesis in brain is influenced by precursor (tryptophan (TRP)) concentrations, which are modified by food ingestion. Hence, in rats, a carbohydrate meal raises brain TRP and 5HT; a protein-containing meal does not, but little attention has focused on differences among dietary proteins. Recently, single meals containing different proteins have been shown to produce marked changes in TRP and 5HT. The present studies evaluate if such differences persist when rats ingest such diets chronically. Male rats were studied that ingested diets for 9 days containing zein, wheat gluten, soy protein, casein, or α-lactalbumin (17% dry weight). Brain TRP varied up to eightfold, and 5HT synthesis fivefold among the different protein groups. TYR and LEU concentrations, and catecholamine synthesis rate in brain varied much less. The effects of dietary protein on brain TRP and 5HT previously noted after single meals thus continue undiminished when such diets are consumed chronically.